2Aim and Background: Chronic illnesses exert long-lasting impacts on an individual's life. Throughout this journey, a person's perception of their illness directly influences their health behaviors and outcomes. Recognizing the significance of this concept, this study aimed to explore the perception of illness among individuals with chronic diseases. Methods and Materials: Published qualitative studies focusing on illness perception from 2019 to 2024 were collected from international databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sciencedirect, and domestic databases like Sid, Noormags, Elmnet, and Magiran. After a thorough review of full-text articles, those aligning with the research objectives were selected. Following the examination of titles, abstracts, full texts, and the removal of duplicate studies, a total of 29 full-text studies, 19 in English and 10 in Persian, were chosen for in-depth analysis and comparison using an interpretive approach. Findings: Two main categories emerged from the selected studies: 1) illness perception and influencing individual factors, and 2) illness perception and influencing socio-cultural factors. The first category, encompassing illness perception and individual influencing factors, included: experiencing emotions, patient needs, controllability and consequences of the illness, impact on quality of life, beliefs about the causes of the illness, spiritual beliefs related to the illness, the dilemma of disclosing or concealing the illness and its consequences, illness as an opportunity for growth, limited knowledge about the illness and its consequences, positive and negative views towards treatment, and defense mechanisms in coping with the illness. The second category, illness perception and influencing socio-cultural factors, included identity (gender, religious, national, cultural, etc.) in coping with illness. Conclusions: Illness perception is a significant factor in the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment adherence of patients. Individual and socio-cultural factors drive individuals' perspectives on themselves, their illness, family history, and identity.

Introduction: Nursing always is recognized as a practical-based profession and clinical education is the main pillar of nursing. The aim of this meta-synthesis study is to determine the factors affecting clinical education in nursing in years 2003-2013.Method: In this meta-synthesis study, based on qualitative meta-synthesis method of Noblit&Hare (1988), qualitative studies related to factors affecting nursing clinical education in Iran from databases: SID, Magiran and Iranmedex, were collected, compared and analyzed between years 2003-2013. Mentioned databases were searched for phrases: "clinical education", "field education" and "practical education". Each of the selected studies was reviewed carefully and focusing on details and for final interpretation of the clinical education phenomenon the extracted key concepts from each study were compared with key concepts of other studies.Results: Based on the initial search was conducted in mentioned databases, 18 qualitative studies were founded in relation to clinical education and its related factors and of these, 7 studies, were closely related to study subject. Participants were nursing students in 6 articles, faculty members of nursing and officers of clinical practice in 1 article. Selected Studies were performed in 7 cities including: Tehran, Rasht, Isfahan, North Khorasan, Zanjan, Zahedan and Urmia. Method of analysis in all of studies was content analysis. finally The last interpretation of the clinical education phenomenon and its related factors were presented in two categories including: facilitating (reinforcing) factors and threatening factors, and each categories in 4 dimensions including: student, teacher, environment and educational programs.Conclusion: The results of this study about factors affecting the clinical education can be useful for students, teachers and officers in planning of clinical education and Be beneficial to conduct further studies.

Background: Maternal near-miss (MNM) experiences have long-term and significant effects on the mothers and their families. Examining the nature of MNM may clarify the problems it causes for mothers.  Therefore, this study aimed to explain the experiences of MNM events using a qualitative review.   Methods: Qualitative studies were reviewed using a search strategy encompassing the MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Magiran databases, with searches conducted up to August 2024. The key search term was ‘near miss, ’ in combination with terms related to obstetric experience, including ‘maternal, ’ ‘pregnant, ’ and ‘women’.  Studies were included if they were qualitative and focused on near-miss experiences. Two authors independently evaluated the quality of the selected studies using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) tool for qualitative research. Out of 97938 studies identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the research.   Results: Review produced three overarching themes: perception of quality of care, physical, mental, and spiritual experiences, and disturbance in emotional, social, and economic well-being. The subcategories of perception of quality of care included “mismanagement of the medical team, ” “lack of access to health care facilities, ” “communication problems between the medical team and the patient, ” and “patient awareness. ”  Conclusion: Based on the results, the healthcare system should focus on improving the quality of care, and family members should pay more attention to emotional well-being and ensure comprehensive health insurance coverage to help address the economic concerns of treatment and complications.

Background and Aim: Ethical capital in educational organizations is a set of ethical relationships that lead to the formation of teamwork and increase productivity. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the components of ethical capital in educational organizations using a metasynthesis qualitative approach. Methods: The research was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and using the metasynthesis method with the seven-step approach of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). The statistical population of the study includes all Persian and English researches and studies published in the field of moral capital between 2000 and 2021. In this regard, keywords related to the purpose of the research were searched and the obtained articles and documents were examined using purposive sampling method according to the acceptance criteria. Finally, 19 articles that met the inclusion criteria were studied and analyzed using three-step coding method (open, axial, selective) by MaxQDA 2020 software. Ethical Considerations: The requirements of research ethics have been considered in the monitoring of the synthesized articles. Results: Based on the results of data analysis, 82 open codes were identified for data collection, which were classified into 3 main categories and 11 sub-categories, which are individual (responsibility, ethical model, honesty, and ethical loyalty), organizational (ethical culture of the organization, Organizational ethics, ethical leadership style) and extra-organizational (social, economic, political and cultural factors). Conclusion: Organizational behavior researchers with the aim of increasing moral capital in the organization, while identifying its components, can consider appropriate programs and solutions to increase superior behaviors in the organization. The results of the present research can help employees in terms of identifying the factors affecting moral capital and increasing its level in the organization.